The tail30 flick response was tested u sing a tse systems tailflick apparatus germany. Research open access activation of trpv1 by capsaicin. Analgesic activity was measured by the tail flick method, using the analgesiometer. The tail flick test measures the response to acute thermal pain administered by an infrared heat source in restrained animals. Each experimental group consists of three main groups. Analgesic activity of the whole plant of acalypha indica linn extract by the tailflick test in rats. This unit presents protocols for testing acute pain using both the hotplate test see basic protocol 1 and the tailflick test see basic. Bk were measured using a tailflick test prior to and 24 h after capsaicin injection. The experimental protocol was the same as before but for these experiments intramammary pressure was also recorded. Tailflick test protocol experiments were always started in the morning at around 10. Basically, a thermal stimulus is applied on the tail. The time it takes for an animal to rapidly remove the tail from an intense heat source is used as an index of peripheral pain response.
For the tailflick test, mice are immobilized and focused radiant heat is applied to a certain part of the tail usually 2 cm from the tip of the tail. Gabapentin did not alter immediate painrelated behaviors rat tail flick test, formalin footpad acute phase, acetic acid abdominal constriction test, footpad heat irradiation test. Design plans for an inexpensive tail flick analgesia meter. A builtin timer is automatically stopped when the animals tail flicks out of the beam of light. Methods used to evaluate pain behaviors in rodents frontiers. Pdf design plans for an inexpensive tail flick analgesia. The iitc tail flick test apparatus meter measures latency andor temperature threshold when detecting properties of narcotic and strong nonnarcotic drugs on mice and rats.
This procedure is a modification of one used by janssen. Tail flick test requires restraining of the subject. The test consists of restraining the mouse by one of the. The measuring parameter is the socalled tailflick reaction which.
Full text preparation and optimization of lidocaine. We selected the tail immersion test tit 33, a modified version of the classical tail flick test developed by damour and smith 34, and the tail pressure test tpt, adapted from randall and selitto 35, as examples of thermal and mechanical modalities to study morphineinduced analgesia, hyperalgesia and tolerance in mice. Sudhir kumar 2and prasanna kumar panda 1school of pharmaceutical sciences, siksha o anusandhan university, bhubaneswar, orissa, india 2university department of pharmaceutical sciences, utkal university. The tailflick test the tailflick test was used as a model of acute thermal pain in mice.
We observed that ppe increased the latency period in a dosedependent manner p protocol summary. Tail flick test can be performed either using an analgesic meter or using a water bath. The latency to response is recorded when the first hind paw lick or jump. The animals were divided randomly into two experimental groups, tail flick and formalin test. The researcher then records the latency to tail flick. It is used in basic pain research and to measure the effectiveness of analgesics, by observing the reaction to heat. The tail flick test is a test of the pain response in animals, similar to the hot plate test. It was first described by damour and smith in 1941. Similar to the hotplate test, the tailflick assay uses heat as a noxious stimulus. Assessment of morphineinduced hyperalgesia and analgesic.
A mechanistic approach to hplc analysis, antinociceptive. Design plans for an inexpensive tail flick analgesia meter ncbi. The tailsuspension test is a mouse behavioral test useful in the screening of potential antidepressant drugs, and assessing of other manipulations that are expected to affect depression related behaviors. The role of supraspinal systems and avoidance learning. A thermal stimulus was applied at a 25% intensity, which corresponds to a temperature of 50 to 55. This unit presents protocols for all three of these tests, including preparation of animals rats or mice. Group dose mgkg pain threshold after administration s 0 h 1 h 2 h 3 h 4 h 5 h 6 h. The nociceptive threshold was measured in the tail immersion test. The tail flick test, first described in 1941, involves application of a heat stimulus to the tail of mice and rats, and the time taken for the tail to flick or twitch is recorded damour and smith, 1941. The heat stimulus applied can be radiant heat, where a. A remote footswitch pad is used to control the startstopreset functions. The auc value of the control preparation a was 352. The pilot study would need, at minimum, two test groups.
Comparison of the analgesic activity of antiparkinsonian. Docosahexaenoic acid dha, for example, is a predominant omega3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in marine. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. The antinociceptive activity of ppe was also assessed by the tailflick test, as shown in table 3. The system the tse analgesiameter tailflick is a fully automatic measuring system for the rapid screening of rats or mice for analgesic drug effects. Effectofopiatesinthetailflick test all the opiates used caused significant p 1place 1. The tailflick latency is influenced by skin temperature. The tail flick assay is a pain receptive assay in which a mouse is placed within a restraining tube with its tail protruding. Pdf on jun 1, 2004, guy b mulder and others published rodent. The tailflick test was described initially by damour and smith 1941 and is widely used for determining the antinociceptive effect of pharmacological agents. The relevance of these models to human pain is not known. Analgesic compounds such as morphine increase the latency to flick the tail away from the heat source. It is held that the tailflick test of pain depends on a spinal reflex because a similar response is observed in.
The heat stimulus is directed on the part of the subjects tail rather than the plantar surface. Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of acalypha. Rats were screened for tail flip reaction with a cut. A comparison of analgesia and suppression of oxytocin. An overview of behavioral tests in mice protocol number 12014. The tail flick test is an extensively used test of nociception in rats and mice, and is the nociceptive test most frequently used in animals le bars et al. A computer controls the heat intensity to produce a reaction time between 2. The tail is placed on a level surface, a radiant heat is applied to the tail and the latency of the mouse to remove its tail from the heat is recorded. Tail flick test the antinocicptive effect of analgesics was measured by tailflick latency test. Rats were held over the bath with their tails submerged approximately halfway into the solution.
The tail pigmentation pattern of c57bl6j mice affects. Basal nociceptive level, the analgesic activity of therapeutic agent and tolerance formation can be evaluated by tail flick test. Pdf it is held that the tailflick test of pain depends on a spinal reflex because a similar response is observed in spinally transected rats. In the tailflick group, 59% of the observations attained the cutoff latency at this morphine dose, leading.
Both hot plate and tailflick methods are used generally for centrally acting analgesic, while peripherally acting drugs are ineffective in these tests but sensitive to acetic acidinduced writhing test. This unit presents protocols for all three of these tests, including preparation of animals rats or mice, administration of a compound being tested for. The tail flick test is used to assess pain sensitivity nociception. The tailflick test is an extensively used test of nociception in rats and mice, and is the nociceptive test most frequently used in animals le bars et al. Neurontin gabapentin tablets neurontin gabapentin oral. Antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of methanol. For the tail flick test, the wire is attached to the tail of the. The heat stimulus applied can be radiant heat, where a focused beam of light is applied to the tail, or. Group 1 received standard drug, aspirin at 100 mgkg and group 2 was given aspirin 200 mgkg i.
Involvement of neuropeptide ff receptors in neuroadaptive. Tail flick test is similar in concept to the hargreaves test. Mice treated with buprenorphine were found to have significantly higher p protocol. The results of the tail flick test conducted on day 10 can then be a direct comparison to determine if the analgesia had any effect. Algesimetric method the tailflick test used in the present study was conducted in accordance with the procedure described by damour and smith 18 with a slight modification. The hot plate test is a test of the pain response in animals, similar to the tail flick test. Sudhir kumar 2and prasanna kumar panda 1school of pharmaceutical sciences, siksha o anusandhan university, bhubaneswar, orissa, india 2university department of pharmaceutical sciences, utkal university, bhubaneswar, orissa, india. Table 8 showed the auc 090 minutes of the rat tail flick test for various preparations containing lidocaine. Mice are suspended by their tails with tape, in such a.